Improvement in machinery for spinning



UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE,

.ARAD WOODW'ORTH, 3D, OF

BoSron, MASSACHUSETTS.

IMPROVEMENT I'N MACHINERY FOR SPINNING.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. ll, dated May 15, 1855.

.To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, ARAB W ooDWoETH, 3d, of Boston, in the county of Suffolk, and State of Massachusetts, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Spinning Apparatus;

and I do hereby declare that the following dese-ription, taken inv connection with the accompanying drawings hereinafter referred to, forms a full and exact specification of the same, whereinl have set forth the nature and principles of my said improvements, by which myinventon may be distinguished from others of a similar class, together with such parts as I claim and desire to have secured to me by Letters Patent.

The figures of the accompanying plat-e of drawings represent my improved spinning machinery.

Figure l is a plan or top view, and Fig. 2 is a longitudinal vertical section of the same,

taken in the.plane of the line A B, Fig. l.

Figs. 3 and 4 are detail transverse sectional views taken, respectively, in the planestof the lines `C D and E F, Fig. l.

In the process of spinning all the various fibrous materials, next to the quality of the' yarn, the great points to be secured are to put the twist into the yarn in the shortest possible time with the least expenditure of power, and when the spinning and drawing down 'are combined, as in the jack or mule spinning, to arrange themachinery to effect these operations in the smallest possible space. It is also very desirable in this kind of machinery to be able by simple meansto regulate or adjust the number of twists in a given measure of yarn to suit the various purposes for which it is to be used and the different fabrics into which it is to be woven.

The aim or object of the improvements which I have devised, and which are hereinafter described, is to secure the several .advantages above enumerated; and the essential features of these improvements consist, first, inthe use of one, two, or more innerA fliers arranged within the outer flier in succession, one within the other, and so as to be revolved either at the same or different rates of speed and in the same or dierent directions with the said outer flier, for the purpose of producing 'any desireddegree of twist in the yarns and twisting and'spinning more yarn at the same rate of revolution than any otherspinning apparatus..

By the simple use of the fliers, as above suggested, and running them in opposite directions and at equal speeds three times the amount of twist can be secured at the same rate of speeding the machinery as can be obtained by the ordinary spinning apparatus, as one twist is given by the revolution Aof the outer flier between the first set of drawingrollers and the neck of the said outer fiier, and the two twists between the first eXtra set of drawing-rollers and the neck of the inner fiier. Any proportional higher rate of speed of the inner flier over the outer one gives the same proportional increased twist to the yarn, and by the use of a third flier arranged and operated within the second precisely as that is within the first or outer flier, and as shown in the drawings, a much greater variety of twists may be produced.

In ordinary spinning the twist is regulated altogether by the speeding of the deliveringrollers-that is, so much twist is given to suoli length of the roving as is at any time between the delivering-rolls and the neck of the fiier. Machines have been contrived, however, for giving a second twist to the yarn at the end of the flier opposite the neck after it has received its first twist; but such machines must always give the two twists, no more no less.

I have before suggested that by the use of the two fiiers, as I have above specified, I can secure a treble or quadruple twist; but by the same means there may be also secured any intermediate twist between a single and a double twist, or between the double and triple twist, and by the use of a third flier a still greater variety of twist may be produced.v In using two fliers, for instance, by revolving the inner flier in the same direction with the outer flier and at one-half the speed there will be produced atwist and a half in the yarns, and if the first inner flier be revolved in the same direction and at a greater rate than the outer one a portion of the twist which has been given to the yarns between the drawing-rollers and the neck of the outer flier will be taken out, so that it will be apparent that any degree of twist can be secured by the use of the nasse two lliers and running them as specilied, it being only necessary to change the gearing by which the said fliers are revolved,

By the use of a third ilier, as before suggested, the varieties of twist may be increased in a manner which will be readily understood from what has above been stated. By com bining additional drawing-rollers with the inner fliers, as hereinabove specied, I think my improved spinning apparatus can perform the same work as the jack or mule spinner, as it can draw and spin at the same time, with a great saving of space and cost and dispensing entirely with the traversing carriage.

In spinning for the woolen manufacturers I think the roving can be passed to my improved spinning apparatus directly from the @aiding-engine, all the necessary drawing and spinning being done by my machinery, and I am of the opinion, also, that in spinning for cotton fabrics the use of the drawing-frame and speeding may be altogether dispensed with.

It is sometimes necessary in woolen spinning to put in a certain degree ot' twist at the same time that the roving is drawn down and then give the yarn a finishing twist afterward, and this is effected in the spinningq'ack by keeping the traversing carriage stationary after it is drawn out, while the finishing twist is putin; but in my machine I think it can Y be done by the inner fliers after the extra sets ot drawingrollers have drawn the yarn down sufiiciently without any suspension of progress in the yarn.

I shall now proceed to describe the construction and operation of my improved spinningmachine in detail.

a a. c c represent in the several drawings the frame-work of the machine, which should be made of suoli shape and material as to enable it to sustain the operative parts of the apparatus.

b l) b l) is the main or outer flier, as I have before termed it, which is of common rectangular form, the neck c and journal (l of which -rest and revolve in suitable bearings in the cross-stanchions e e, said flier being revolved by power applied directly to its journal d. The neck-c of this ilier is hollow or tubular, as usual, so that the roving may be passed through it from the series of drawing-rollers f f g g, arranged in the usual wayin two sets, the lower one of each set being tinted and the upper one covered with cloth or other suitable material, and the inner set being revolved at a higher speed than the outer one, so as to draw the roving down by the connecting-gear. (Shown at a3 b3 c3, Fig. l.) These drawingrollers are revolved through the medium of the spur gear-wheel 7L on the neck of the iiier, the teeth of which engage with those of a similar wheel i on one'end of a short connecting-shaft d3, properlysustained in the barrelbearing e5, connected to the main frame-work, and having on its other end a beveled pinion f, which engages with a bevel gear-wheel g3 ou one journal of the inner lower roller g.

rlhe first inner filer, as I have before called it,is shown atjjjj, and is of a similar rectangular shape to the outer one l) b b b, the neck k and journall of the said first inner flyer having proper bearings in the cross-bars m m and n n ofthe main flier. The neck 7c of this inner flier is at the opposite end of the machine to that where the neck c of the outer flier is placed. The third flier, or second inner iiier, as I shall term it, is shown at 7113 hi 71,3 71?, and is generally similar in construction to the other flier, its neck Z3 and journal 7e3 having proper bearings in the cross-bars Z3 Z3 and m3 m3 of the first inner flier.

The spool-shaft is shown at 0 o in the sectional drawings, Figr2, one end being of a socket form and resting and revolving on the conical end of the adjustable screw-shaft n, which is arrangec'l so as to be moved forward and back but not to be revolved) by the nut o3 in the tubular bearing g3 in the Crossbar p 1') of the second inner iiier. The other end of the spool-shaft is formed in a hollow clutch shape, so as to embrace and turn with the short friction-shaft q q, as shown at r in Fig. 2,said friction-shaft having propercearings in the neck and tubular bearing r3 in the cross-bar m3 m3 of the first inner flier. The spools s, on which the yarn is to be wound, is connected to Vits shaft o o by the arm Vt t, having a proper dog upon it, which arm is cast with or fastened ou said shaft, and the dog of which engages with a proper slot in one of the spool-heads, as shown by dotted lines in Fig. l. By turning the nut 0s so as to make it press against the face of the tubular bearing g3 of the cross-bar p p of the second inner liier the end of the screw-shaft 'n3 will be moved inward and make the clutch end of the spool`shaft engage with the end of the friction-shaft q q, and when these two shafts are so connected they are in proper position for operating the machine; but by turning the said nut o3 in the opposite direction the screw-shaft as may be run through its bearing in the cross-head, so that the clutch end of the spool-shaft can be disengaged from the said friction-shaft and the spool-shaft,with the spool, be taken out of the machine for the purpose of removing a full spool and replacing it with an empty one.

The retarding friction on the spool is produced and regulated through the medium ot' the washer t3, pressed against the frictionpulley uxcd on the friction-shaft q q by means of the regulating-screw c3, working through a proper nut w3, secured to the crosshead of the first inner flier, as shown in Fig. l. The connection hereinabove explained between the friction-shaft and the spool-shaft, it will readily be seen, gives the proper retarding motion to the spool.

The proper proportional motion for the guide which controls the windingoftheyarn upon the threaded screw-shaft cc.

spoolis communicated from the friction shaft q q by means of the pulley a on said shaft, a

for the thread being formed in the upper part of said nut, which is also provided with a proper barrel f to slide along upon the guid-` ing-rail'g g', forming a part of one side of the iiier.

The outer flier, as hereinbefore stated, is revolved directly from the driving machinery, and the first inner flierjjjj is revolved by means of a stationary gear-wheel h around the journal of the outer flier, and a gear-pinion 1' on' the neck of the said rst inner flier, and a loose shaft k', turning in bearings in the crossbar n ln and cross-head of the outer fiier and having gear-wheels Z m fixed on each of its ends. The teeth of the wheel m engage with androll round those of the stationary gear- Wheel h as the outer filer is revolved, and thereby turn the loose shaft Zo', and through the medium of the gear-wheel Z' and pinion t' the proper motion is imparted to the-first inner flier. v

The second inner Iiier is connected with the revolution of the first inner iiier and revolved by being so connected by a precisely-similar combination of gear-wheels and loose shafts as that just above explained as connecting the motions of the outer fiier and first inner flier-viz., a gear-wheel a4 on the journal of the first inner flier and a gear-pinion b4 on the neck of the second inner flier, and the loose shaft c4,with its gear-wheels oZ4 e4, all arranged and operating as shown in Fig. l.

The first extra pair of drawing-rollers a," are arranged so as to revolve in proper bearings in the small bearing-frame 0 o', secured to thev inside of the cross-head of the outer iier farthest from the neck of the same. They l are geared together by the small gear-wheels 1o -q and are revolved by extending one journal of the lower roller m through the the crosshead of the outer flier and fixing thereon a gear-pinion r', which, as said iiier is revolved, engages withand travels around the stationary gear-wheel h ,before referred to, (see Fig. 3,) and thus gives the requisite motion to the said drawing-rollers. Springs s s are arranged, as shown in Fig. l, to press the upper of said drawing-rollers upon the lower one with any pressure which may be desirable. A second extra set of drawing-rollers, and precisely similar to those just above described, are similarly arranged at f4 f4iin a bearingframe g4, secured to the inside of the crosshead of the iirst inner flier. They are geared together by the gear-pinions h4 h4 and are revolved bya gear-wheel i4, which travels round a gear-pinion L54, fixed on the inside of said cross-head.

In the foregoing I have stated the objects aimed at in my new spinning-machine and have described all the several parts thereof and the means by which they are moved and made to perform their various functions. .IV

shall now proceed to describe the of the machine.

The roving and yarn formed from the same are represented in the several drawings by red lines. The roving is passed into the machine through the series of drawing-rollers f operation fg g and the tubular neck c of the outer flier and receives its iirst twist between the said rollers and the guiding-roller Z5, set in the said neck, as shown in Fig. l. From thence it passes on the exterior of the outer flieraround proper guiding-pulleys u n ,set in the same, and nearly the whole lengthof said flier. From the latter of these pulleys vit is passed through the side ofthe said outer flier at its end opposite its neck and then between the first extra set of drawing-rollers 0c 0J to and through the tubular neck of the iirst inner flier. From the neck of the first inner iiier the yarnpasses round a proper guidingf roller Z4, set in said neck and on the outside of said inner flier, round proper pulleys m4 n4 set in the same, and nearly the whole length of said flier, and through the side of the same and between the second extra set of drawing-rollers f4f4 to vand through the` neck of the secondl inner flier. From the neck of the second inner iiier the yarn passes round a guiding-pulley w` through the eye or hole in the end ofthe guiding-nut e to the spool. drawing-rollers and the neck of the second inner flier, as hereinbefore explained, any remaining twist desired to be given to the yarn is produced by the three fliers operating as hereinabove specified.

It will not be necessary for me to repeat the description of the manner of producing thevarious degrees of twistin the yarn, as that is sufficiently set forth in the former part of the specification in describing the essential features of my invention.

It should be stated that when the several extra sets of drawing-rollers are revolved at the same rate as the first series of rollers they merely guide the yarn along without drawing it down any, but they grip it for the succeeding twists, and, what is very essential, as hereinbefore stated, they prevent the draft or tension on the yarn occasioned by the retarding-friction` on the spool from being felt beyond said rollers, behind which' the yarn in such case, being only partially twisted, is weak and liable to be broken when no such provision is made. When the roving is sufficiently strong and it is desired to draw the yarn down after it is partially spun, and

Between the first extrav set of then put in a finishing twist by speeding the extra sets of drawing-rollers at a greater rate than the firstseries are turned, this result can be secured to any extent that may be desirable.

The mode of producing friction on the spool-shaft, and through the same of giving a proper draft and tension to the yarn,is believed by me to be as good as any now known; but any other of the numerous modes heretofore devised for securing the same results may be substituted therefor.

From the foregoing specification it will be apparent to any one skilledin the art of spinning librous materials by machinery that the distinguishing characteristic or feature of my improvements may be still further developed by the use ot further extra fliers and sets of drawing-rollers similarly arranged one within another, as hereinabove explained, so that the process of combined drawing down and spinning which results from the use of such machinery may be continued to any desired extent.

Having thus describedmy improvements, what I claim as my invention, and desire to have secured to me by Letters Patent, is-

The use of one or more inner iiiers arranged in a sequence one within the other, to revolve in the same or diierent'directions or at the same or different speeds with the outer flier7 all the fliers acting continuously upon they roving yarns or material rst received by the outer flier until the spinning or twist is completed and the yarn or yarns are wound upon the spool or bobbin, thereby twisting and spinning more rapidly and attaining any desired degree of twist in yarns, as hereinbefore more fully described.

ARAD TOODVORTH, 3D.

Vitnesses:

EZRA LINCOLN, JOSEPH GAVETT. 

